1. SENTECES

·         Sentences terdir dari verbal dan nominal

·         Verbal itu ada kata kerja dan nominal tidak kata kerja

·         Verbal: Mengunjungi, bekerja, suka (menyukai adalah kata kerja), lupa, tidur

·         Nominal: Bahagia, pelupa 

·         ngantuk sifat, tidur kata kerja

·         Verbal: Ada aktivitas

·         Nominal: Ada kata sifat, kata keterangan, kata benda

·         Verbal: kalimat yang kata kerja utamanya selain to be

·         Nominal: Kalimat yang kata kerja utamanya selalu menggunakan to be

·         Kenapa to be? To be itu menunjukkan aktivitas

·         To be: termasuk linking verb tapi to be adalah verb

·         Ada verb 1,2,3, ada verb ing, verb infinitive

Subject:

Verb:

Object:

·         KESULITAN ADALAH SULIT MENENTUKAN YANG MANA SUBJECT VERB AND OBJECT

CARA MENENTUKKAN VERB:

·         Lazy

·         Sleep

·         Cara menentukkan sleep adalah verb: adalah karena bisa di ing kan

·         JADI APABILA BISA DITAMBAH ING ADALAH VERB (STANDARNYA ENAK APA TIDAK)

TO BE

·         V bare infinitive: Verb asli tidak boleh ditambah apa-apa: BE contohnya

·         V1, v2, v3

·         ving

·         v1: is/am/are

·         v2: was/were

·         v3: been (HAVE BUKAN TOBE), 

·         being

PENJELASAN V BARE INFINITIVE:

·         Bare infinitive adalah suatu kata kerja (verb) tertentu yang dapat digunakan tanpa menggunakan ‘to’ pada kalimat tersebut. Bare infinitive sering disebut juga dengan istilah base form, short infinitive atau zero infinitive. Berbeda dengan infinitive yang hanya berfungsi sebagai verbal (kata yang dibentuk dari kata kerja, namun dapat berfungsi sebagai noun, adjective atau adverb), bare infinitive dapat pula berfungsi sebagai verb.

·         Bare infinitive dapat digunakan dalam empat kondisi :

• Setelah would rather atau had better

• Setelah modal auxiliary verb (will, shall, would, could, can, may, might, must, should dan needn’t), namun tidak berlaku pada be able to, have to, ought to dan need to.

• Setelah semua yang berhubungan dengan do (do, does, did, doesn’t, didn’t, don’t)

• Setelah verb terentu seperti causative verb (have, let, make), hear, help dan watch. Help dapat digunakan dengan infinitive atau bare infinitive.

TO BE SYARAT HANYA BOLEH

·         To be boleh ketemu adv, noun, adverb

·         To be+ ving boleh jika dalam rangka menjelaskan sedang

·         To be+v3 (di/ter)

TO BE TERLARANG: 

·         BERTEMU V1 dan V2

RUMUS v1,v2, pasif, Ving, sudah/telah, modal:

a. V1

·     Habit

·     Rumus: S+V1 (s/es kalau he she it)

b. V2

·     Lampau

·     Rumus: S+V2

c. Pasif

·     S+tobe+v3

d. Ving

·     Sedang berlangsung

·     S+To be+Ving

e. Sudah/telah:

·     S+have/has. had+v3

f. Modal:

·     S+modal+vbare 

CONTOH:

·        i eat bread everyday

·        i ate bready yesterday

·        i am eating bread now

·        bread is eaten by me

·        i have eaten bread

·        i can eat bread

Nominal:

·         S+to be+adjective

·         S+to be+Noun

·         S+to be+adverb

·         DISINGKAT ANA (3 Complements)

·         I am happy

·         I was happy last night

·         i have been happy

·         I must be happy

·         HABIT SAMA SEDANG 

·         NOMINAL TIDAK MENGENAL VING dan PASIF

·         V1 itu meliputi habit dan sedang

Contoh:

1. Mereka belajar grammar di NTS: They study grammar in NTC

·        They: Subject

·        Study: Verb

·        Grammar: Object

·        In NTC: Adverb of placce

2. Hari ini , Ms Dyah bolos: Today Ms. Dyah absent

·        Ms. Dyah: Subject

·        Absent: Adjective

·         SYARAT PENTING ADALAH SUBJECT+VERB

·         JIKA TANPA VERB MAKA HARUS DIMASUKKAN TO BE

3. Mereka sedang menunggu seseorang saat ini: They are waiting for someone now (MENUNGGU HARUS PAKAI FOR)

·         Wait: saja salah

·         Wait for: Harus benar

4. Buku ini ditulis oleh dia laki2 bulan lalu: This book was written by him, last month

5. Dia perempuan telah membeli sebuah rumah tahun lalu: She bought a house last year

KENAPA NOMOR 4 dan 5 satu ada was dan yang satu tanpa was

·         Written: V3 bermakna di maka harus diikuti to be

·         Bought: V2 adalah verb dan Konsep to be tidak boleh ketemu dengan V2 dan V3

PEMBAHASAN PR:

3, Doni is my friend: Correct (Nominal)

·         Doni: Subject

·         Is: Verb

·         My friend: Object

4. She is come from Solo: Incorrect ( Nominal)

·         She: Subject

·         Is: Verb

·         Come: Verb maka tidak boleh verb dobel jadi salah

5: Their sister always happy: Incorrect (Nominal)

·         Their sister: Subject

·         karena tidak ada verb maka munculkan to be

·         To be nya is, karena yang bahagia adalah sister bukan theirnya

6. Our father is very enjoy: incorrect ( Nominal)

·         Subject: Our father

·         Is: Verb

·         Enjoy: Verb

KESALAHAN PERTAMA:

·         VERY ATAU TOO boleh bertemu dengan adjective dan adverb

·         VERY dan too tidak boleh verb contoh very e

·         Solusinya: dimasukkan Really, karena boleh ketemu verb

KESALAHAN KEDUA:

·       Tidak masalah ada 2 verb, tapi masalahnya bertentangan dengan kaidah to be tidak boleh bertemu v1/v2 (ENJOY ADALAH V1)

·         MAKA KESIMPULANNYA kesalahan ada 2 

7. She is like studying English: Correct

·         She: Subject

·         Is: Verb

·         Like: Verb

PENGGUNAAN LIKE

S+ Tobe +Like: BERMAKNA SEPERTI

S+ Like+ Noun: BERMAKNA SUKA

PEMBAHASAN: 

·         Karena ini bermakna suka 

·         maka dia tanpa to be

·         Jadi, yang benar she like studying english

8. We are need a lot of practices: incorrect

·         Are: Verb

·         Need: Verb

·         To be bertemu v1 adalah salah

·         Maka yang benar, we need a lot of practices

10. She is have three children

·         Is: Verb

·         Have: Verb

KESALAHAN ADA DUA:

·      Is:nya dibuang karena is bertemu have

·      Havenya ganti has, isnya dibuang

yang benar: She has three children

EXERCISE 2:

1. They usually have breakfast at 07.00 PM

2. Noni is very busy everyday

3. We like to help them

4. Sila is a friendly midwife

5. This dictionary is very expensive

6. Soni is in Indonesia right now

7. We want to be able speak English fluently

8. Mr Bendot is my boss

9. My name is suzuki hondawati

10. Maria is our classmate (KALAU 2 classmates) OUR: DISEBUTKAN BENDANYA OURS: BENDA TIDAK DISEBUTKAN

Chapter 2 Auxiliary dan Ordinary

Auxiliary dan Ordinary

·         Auxiliary (kata kerja bantu) 

·         Ordinary (kata kerja utama/pokok)

Auxiliary: Bertemu verb lagi

Ordinary: Tidak bertemu verb lagi

Contoh:

I am playing badminton

Subject: I

·        Verb: Am 

·        Verb: Playing

·        am sebagai auxliary

·        playing ordinary

a.     I was happy

·        Verb: Was

·        Was: jadi ordinary

b.     i have eaten rice

·          Verb: Have

·          Verb: Eaten

·          Have: Sebagai auxiliary

·          Eaten: Sebagai Ordinary

c.      We are at NTC---)I must be at NTC

·        Verb: Must

·        Verb: Be

·        Must: Sebagai Auxiliary

·        Be: Sebagai ordinary

·  KAIDAH: Semua aktivitas otomatis sebagai ordinary

1. To be: Sedang, Pasif

·         S+to be+Ving/v3

·         Contoh: I am sitting here

·         Verb: Am

·         Verb: Sitting

·         She is called by him

·         Verb: Is

·         Verb: Called

1, To be: dimaknai dengan adalah, menjadi, berada

·         S+to be+ ANA (3C) 

·         Contoh: We were rich

2. To Have: Sudah/telah 

·         V1: Have/has

·         V2: Had

·         V3: Had

·         Ving: having

S+have/has/had+v3

·         Wibi has written poem

·         Wibi has not written book

·        has: Aux

·        Written: Ordinary

2. To Have: Mempunyai/memiliki

S+has/have/had+ Noun/object

Contoh:

·         you have many friends

·         Have: Verb (ordinary)

3. Do/Does: Melakukan atau mengerjakan

S+to do+ noun/object

Contoh:

·         Ms rini does her job

·         Verb: does (tetap ordinary

Lampau: Ms rini did her job

Did: Verb (ordinary)

Bentuk pasif:

·         Her job is done by ms rini

·         Ms rini has done her job

Bentuk modal

Ms rini can do her job

·        Verb; can (Auxilary)

·        Do: Verb (Ordinary)

3.

a.   Do/Does: Membantu kalimat negatif dan tanya (Catatan bertemu verb lagi) (MAKNA TIDAK/Apakah)

Contoh:

Apakah kamu malas? (TIDAK BOLEH MASUK AUXILARY)

·        Negatif: S+do/does+not+Vbare

·        Tanya: do/does+ S+ Vbare?

b.  Do/does (Habit) dan did (lampau)

          Contoh:

·        I did'not come to this class

·        Verb: Didnot (auxilary)

·        Verb: Come (ordinary)

Does Agung play game?

·        Verb: Does (auxilary)

·        Verb: Play (ordinary

4. Modal

Modal selalu jadi auxilary dan Modal harus jadi kalimat bantu

S+ Modal+V bare

Contoh:

·        I can be singer

·        Verb: Can

·        Verb: be

Exercise:

1. We speak English at NTC every day

·        Verb: Speak (ordinary)

2. All of you need a lot of practices

·        Verb: Need (ordinary)

3, She is smart student

·        Verb: Is (ordinary)

5. We often do alot of homework

·        Verb: Do (ordinary)

6. I always get you at 4.00 every morning

·        verb: get up (ordinary)

7. They have english club

·        Verb: Have (ordinary)

8. She has three children

·        Verb: Has (ordinary)

9. He has had a new dictionary

·        Verb: Has (aux)

·        Verb: had (ord)

10. They are invited

·        Verb: Are (aux)

·        Verb: Invited (ord)

11. She will be here tomorrow

·        Verb: will (aux)

·        Verb: Be (ord)

12. They are watching tv now

·        Verb: Are ( aux)

·        Verb: watching (ord)

13. Our new friend is very humble

14. i am from bandung

·        Verb: Am (ordinary)

Karena Kata bantu gak harus ada

15. They dont do their homework

·        Verb: dont (aux)

·        Verb: Do (aux)

Kenapa dont do? Karena yang boleh mengikuti dont adalah auxilary

EXERCISE 2:

1. Soni tidak suka nonton tv:  Soni doesnt like watching tv

2. Mereka selalu membantu kita: They always help us

3. Intan sangat sibuk di pagi hari: Intan is very busy in this morning

4, Kita akan selalu sabar: We will always be patient  (JANGAN LUPA BE NYA)

5. Mereka tidak memiliki maslaah: They dont have problem

RUMUS POSITIF (RUMUS DILUAR NTC):

·        S + verb-1(s/es) +/- direct object

·        S + be (am/is/are) + subject complement (noun/adjective/…)

RUMUS NEGATIF (RUMUS DILUAR NTC):

·        S + do/does not + bare infinitive

·        S + am/is/are not + subject complement (noun/adjective/…)

Rumus TANYA (RUMUS DILUAR NTC):

·        Do/does+ S+ V1?

·        Tobe+S+ adjective/noun?

RUMUS MODAL (RUMUS DILUAR NTC)

1. CAN. MUST, MAY, WLL/SHALL, SHOULD, COULD, WOULD, NEED, OUGHT TO:

Penggunaannya sama dengan auxiliary will/shall pola III, baik untuk yang menggunakan kata kerja (Verb I) maupun selain kata kerja (Non-V).
 
@Menggunakan Verb I (VERBAL)

Rumus kalimat positif :
S + Aux. + Verb I + O + Adv

1. I can speak English now.

2. I may sit beside you.

3. We must study English well.

4. She need go now.

5. I could help you.

Rumus kalimat bertanya:
Aux. + S + Verb I + O + Adv

1.    Can you help me, friend?

2.    Could you open the door?

3.    Must he make you sad like this?

4.    Ought they to help us?

5.    Need they leave today?

Rumus kalimat negatif:

 S + Aux. + Not + Verb I + O + Adv

1.    I can’t come tomorrow.
2.    They mayn’t distusb our friends.
3.    I won’t hete you.
4.    Rina mustn’t work today.
5.    She ought to speak like that.
6.    They can not read English

Rumus kalimat bertanya menidakan:
          Aux. + Not + S + Verb I + O + Adv

1.    Can’t you help me?
2.    Won’t they invite us?
3.    Oughtn’t they to realize it?
4.    Myan’t I stand beside you?

 @Menggunakan selain kata kerja (Non-V) (Nominal) (RUMUS DILUAR NTC)

Rumus kalimat positif:
S + Aux. + Be + Non-V + Adv
1.    I can be crazy about english.
2.    It may be suitable to me.
3.    You ought to be honest.
4.    I could be here at 10.00 am.
5.    I would be your friend.

Rumus kalimat bertanya:
Aux. + S + Be + Non-V + Adv
1.    Must Dian be on time tomorow?
2.    Can you be our leader on next hiking?
3.    Could you be slowly, please?
4.    Ought we to be committee?
5.    Must Paul be here now?

Rumus kalimat negatif:
S + Aux. + Not + Be + Non-V + Adv
1.    I can’t be an English teacher.
2.    You mayn’t be proud, Joko.
3.    They shouldn’t be here.
4.    We shan’t be angry.
5.    I oughtn’t to be difficult to do it.

Rumus kalimat bertanya menidakkan:
Aux. + Not + S + Be + Non-V + Adv
1.    Can’t you be on time?
2.    Won’t she be happy?
3.    Mayn’t he be my patner?
4.    Couldn’t you be frankly next?

Contoh:

1.Positif: Riksa is watching spongebob

Negatif: Riksa is not watching spongebob

Intterogrative: Is Riksa watching spongebob?

2. Rudi was a student of NTC

negatif: Rudi wasnot a student of NTC

tanya: Was Rudi a student of NTC?

3. I shall buy a car

negatif: I shall/will not buy a car 

Tanya: Shall/will i by a car?

4. Nanda has finished homeword

Negatif: Nanda has not finished homework

Tanya: has nanda finished homeword?

5. I have three children

Negatif: I dont have three children

Tanya: do i have three children?

6. You stay in yogyakarta

Negatif: you dont stay in Yogyakara

Tanya: Do you stay in Yogyakarta?

7. She goes to NTC

Negatif: She does not go to NTC

Tanya: Dont she go to NTC?

8. I marryied with her

Negatif: I did marry with her

Tanya: Did marry with her?

(RUMUS NTC)

MEMBUAT KALIMAT TANYA Dengan NOT:

A: AUXILARY
O: ORDINARY

Put not after:

·         To be (A/o)

·         Modal (A) MODAL HANYA AUXIALARY

·         To have (A/o coret)

Kalau tidak ada 3-3 nya memakai to do (A/O Coret)

I DONT SOME THING (PIKIR)

KESIMPULANNYA: PUT 1,2,3, or 4 before subject

CHAPTER 4 NEGATIVE SENTENCE

EXERCISE 1 page 6

1. (PRESENT TENSE) (RUMUS DILUAR NTC)

RUMUS NEGATIF:

VERBAL: S + do/does not + bare infinitive

NOMINAL: S + am/is/are not + subject complement (noun/adjective/…)

Rumus kalimat negatif Modal:
          S + Aux. + Not + Verb I + O + Adv

2. Simple Past Form

Positive: Subject+ Verb 2

Negative: Subject did not+Verb 1

Question: Did+Subject+v1?

Contoh:

1. Joe is from Bali

S+to be+not+adverb (NOMINAL)

Joe is not from Bali (NOMINAL)

2. They are in the office

S+To be+not+Adverb (Nominal)

They are not in the office

3. Sheila can read English (Can=modal)

Subject+aux+not+V1

Sheila can not read English

4. Rudy will go to America (Will=modal)

S+Aux+not+V1

Rudy will not go to America

5. John likes tea

S+Does+not+(S HILANG)+Verb bare (SHILANG)

John does not like tea

6. Aril sells good cakes

Subject+does+not+V bare

Aril does not sell good cakes

7. You speak softly

Subject+dont+Vbare+

You dont speak softly

8. They have brothers

Subject+dont+Vbare

They dont have brothers

9. It tastes good

Subject+to be (is)+not+3C

It does not taste good

10.Ron takes English lessons

Subject+does+not+Vbare

Ron does not take English lessons

11. You may go home now

Subject+modal+not+V bare

You may not go home now

12. Eddie and Eva are very friendly

Subject+tobe (are)+not+ 3C

Eddie and Eva are not very friendly

13. Bill went to the zoo last week

S+Did not+ V1

Bill did not go to the zoo last week

14. You called my sister last night

S+did not+V1+

You did not call my sister last night

Exercise 2 page 6

1. Murid-murid tidak di kelas

Subject+to be+ not+3 C (Nominal)

The students are not in class

2. Sammy tidak sibuk hari ini

Subject+to be+not+3 C (Nominal)

Sammy is not busy today

3. Mr. White bukan seorang guru

Subject+ to be+not+ 3C (Nominal)

Mr White is not a teacher

4. Nanny tidak bisa menari

Subject+can+not+Vbare (Verbal)

Nanny can not dance

5. Dion tidak sedang dirumah sekarang

Subject+to be+ not GAK USAH PAKE BEING+ 3 C (Nominal)

Dion is not at home right now

6. Mereka tidak punya uang

Subject+do not+have+ 3 C (Nominal)

They dont have money

7. Mereka tidak mengerti masalahmu

Subject+do+not+ 3 C (Nominal)
They dont understand your problem

8. Bekti tidak ingat kakakku

Subject+does+not+Vbare (Verbal)

Bekti does not remember my brother

9. Abi bukan temanmu

Subject+to be+ not+ 3 C (Nominal)
Abi is not your friend

10. Bukumu tidak di atas meja

Subject+ to be+ not+ 3 C (Nominal)

Your book is not on the table

Exercise 3 page 6

1. I am not understand about grammar

S+dont+V bare 

(Incorrect)---- I dont understand about grammar

2. I am never forget you

S+ modal+ v1 

(Incorrect) I never forget you

3. Monalisa is not a lazy student

Subject+ tobe+ not+ 3 C
(Correct)

4. Andika does not gets money

Andika does not get money

Subject+ does+not+Vbare

(inCorrect)

5. You cannot drive

Subject+ modal+ not+ v1

(Correct)

CHAPTER 5 QUESTION

Rulesnya:

1. Apabila dalam kalimat ada to be (is/am/are/was/were) maka to be tersebut diletakkan diawal

example:

·         They are in Jakarta= Are they in Jakarta?

·         She is having lunch= Is she having lunch?

·         They are invited= Are they invited?

2. Bila dalam kalimat ada modal (can, could, will, would, may, might, must...) atau auxiliary (have/has/had). Maka modal/auxiliary tersebut diletakkan diawal:

·         She can translate: Can she translate?

·         They will come: Will they come?

·         Their friends must go: Must their friends go?

·         He has come: Has he come?

3. Bila dalam kalimat tidak ada to be/modal/auxiliary maka datangkan do/does/did yang sesuai dengan subject dan tense kemudian letakkan di awal

Positive: Subject+V1 (s/es)+Object---> Do/does+S+ V1+O

Positive: Subject+V2+ Object--> Did+S+V1+O

Example:

Positive: She studies English

Tanya: Did she study English

Positive: They went to Surabaya

Tanya: Did they want to Surabaya

Positive: We lend them a new car

Tanya: Do we lend them a new car

Positive: He watches TV

Tanya: Does he watches TV

(RUMUS NTC)

RUMUS YES NO QUESTION (KALIMAT TANYA) dan contohnya:

1.   To be+ Ving+V3/3C

2.   Modal + Vbare

3.   To have + V3

4.   To do+ Vbare

(RUMUS NTC)

INFORMATIVE QUESTION RUMUS DAN CONTOHNYA

WH+  YES NO QUESTION

Contoh: YES NO QUESTION:

Contoh:

·        Are we writing the lesson?

·        Is English needed by any people?

·        Were they sad yesterday?

·        Can he help you?

·        Will she be late later?

·        Has Aldo taken bath?

·        Have i been bored?

·        Do you always come to NTC?

·        Does Mr Alam always drink coffee?

·        Did Wibi sleep at his house yesterday?

·        Has your family arrived in Jogja?

·        Apakah Ms Murti selalu menelponmu?= Does Ms Murti always call you?

·        Apakah dia harus menemani mu?= Must he acompany you?

·        Apakah pamanmu sibuk kemarin?= was your uncle busy yesterday?

·        Apakah mereka sudah bersamamu?= Have they been with you together? NOMINAL JANGAN LUPA TOBE BEEN

·        Apakah minggu lalu adikmu pulang?= Did your brother go home last week?

·        Apakah kamu dirumah semalam?= Were you at home last night?

 Contoh INFORMATIVE:

·        Kenapa maria ditunggu seseorang kmrn?=Why is Maria waited with someone?

·        Kenapa kamu marah? Why were you sad this morning?

·        Hari apa kita akan mengadakan kuis? What day will be hold quiz?

·        Bagaimana kamu bisa disini? How can you be here?

·        Berapa lama Ms ratih sudah duduk disini? How long Ms ratih has sat here?

·        Berapa jam kita sudah di NTC? How many hours have we been at NTC?

·        Seberapa sering saya bertemu kamu? How often do i meet you?

·        Jam berapa agung bangun setiap pagi? What time does agung get up every morning?

·        Dimana ayahmu baca koran tadi malam? Where did your father read news paper last night?

Exercise 1 page 7

1. Bill likes smoking

Does+Subject+ V1+ O

Does Bill likes smoking?

2. Sheila can translate this book

Does+S+V1+Object 

Does sheila can translate this book?

3. He often comes on time

Does+S+1+Object

Does he often comes on time?

4. They are in semarang now

Are they in Semarang now?

5. She is listening to Music

Is she listening to Music?

Exercise 2 page 7

1. Apakah dini di kosnya sekarang?

Tobe+S+O (Nominal)

Is dini at her boarding house right now?

2. Apakah Sandi temanmu?

To be+S+O (Nominal)

Is Sandi your friend?

3. Akankah mereka pulang?

Modal+S+O (Verbal) (TIDAK BOLEH TAMBAH BE KALAU VERBAL)

Will they go home?

4. Haruskah aku sabar?

Modal+Subject+O (Verbal)

Should i be pattient?

5. Apakah Abi sering mentraktir kamu?

Does+Subject+o (Verbal)

Does Abi often treat you?

LATIHAN DIKELAS:

1.     He has eaten (S+Aux+V3)

He has not eaten (S+Aux+Not+V3)

Has he eaten? (Aux+S+V3)?

How long has he eaten?

2.     She is from Solo (Subject+to be+ Adv)

She is not from Solo (S+to be+not+Adv)

She must be from Solo (S+Modal+be+Adv)

When must she be from Solo? (When+modal+S+Vbare+Adv)

3.     Ms Rini studies English everyday (S+V1+O+Adv)

Ms Rini does not studies English everyday (S+Does+not+V1+Adv)

Does Ms Rini study English everyday

Where does Ms Rini study English everyday

4.     Riksa played yesterday

Riksa did not play yesterday

Did Riksa play yesterday?

With whom did riksa play yesterday?

5.     It is a pencil case

It is not a pencil case

Is it pencil case?

What is it?

                                                      

6.     The letter is send by me

The letter is not send by me

Is the letter send by me?

What date is the letter send by me?

7.     I must be patient

I have been patient

I have not been patient

Have i been patient?

Why have been i patient?

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